I’ve had a similar issue before with my iPhone 11 Pro! Unfortunately, Apple doesn’t give a direct temperature reading in the system settings or through any standard app. If you’re using an app like Dr. Phone, it might not be able to access that information directly unless it’s a specific diagnostic tool Apple uses.
You can try using the built-in “Battery Health” section in Settings, though, to check if your battery is causing the overheating. Sometimes a battery with reduced capacity can generate more heat.