Late reply - but just to update, still no go. This is bare metal (and VBS is already off), while Defender is on default settings which I've never touched (turning off some of the related switches didn't work anyway).
AIDA64 7.2 did give a more detailed description of the error, saying the SSD is used by a process - which it shouldn't be, given that I've gone as far as to delete the partition of the drive.
Any ideas what else could be blocking write access to the drive?