To add:
In trying to investigate more, I attempted running a benchmark via Report Wizard. During the benchmark, my computer will not crash, but it is completely unusable (the lag is more persistent). This behavior concerns me, as other stress tests (Prime95, Cinebench, 3D synthetics) do not result in this issue.
I also noticed there is a thread on the forums regarding problems with Asus mainboards and AI Suite: http://forums.aida64.com/topic/1155-asus-maximus-v-extreme-aida64-unexpected-restartsshutdowns-at-idle-with-aida64-in-background/ . This system has both, and while the symptoms are different, I thought to say this.